Overview
Uterine fibroids are fibrous connective tissue or muscle growths that develop in the uterus. They can appear as a single growth or in clusters. Sometimes, the fibroids may grow outward like a stalk from the uterus.
About 99% of fibroids are non-cancerous and about one-third of fibroids have no symptoms and remain undiagnosed. Uterine fibroid treatment depends on their symptoms.
Fibroids can grow rapidly or very slowly over the years. They also differ in size. Some are very small or maybe even as big as a grapefruit.
Fibroids generally do not cause any medical problems, but some may be harmful and can cause heavy periods, pain, and in some cases, even miscarriages or infertility.
What are the causes of fibroids?
The exact cause of uterine fibroids is still unclear. Certain factors may contribute to the development of the condition such as:
Genetic factors
Research studies have shown that uterine fibroids have cells that are different from the normal cells of the uterine muscles.
If fibroids run in the family such as your mother or grandmother have them, you may be at risk of developing the disease.
Hormonal changes
The hormones play a major role in the growth of fibroids. The hormones estrogen and progesterone are responsible for the thickening of the uterine walls during menstruation. A high level of these hormones can trigger the growth of fibroids.
In the reproductive years, the hormones estrogen and progesterone are high. In pregnant women, the estrogen level may go high and cause the fibroids to grow and swell. After childbirth, as the hormone levels normalize, the fibroids may shrink.
During and after menopause, there is a drop in the estrogen level which can cause the fibroids to shrink.
Age
Fibroids are a very common disease. About 40% to 80% of women may develop uterine fibroids by the time they reach the age of 50.
Obesity
Women with a high Body Mass Index or BMI or body weight that is 20% above the normal are at greater risk of developing fibroids.
Vitamin D deficiency
Several studies show that around 85% of women who have uterine fibroids have vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D boosts our immunity and diminishes fibrous tissue growth. Vitamin D supplements or natural sources of vitamin D like dairy products can replenish the deficiency.
Stress
Stressful events can spike up the body’s hormone levels. Excess stress can encourage fibroid growth. Rest, exercise, a good diet, and work-life balance can reduce stress and help in managing fibroids.
Excessive alcohol consumption
Regular consumption of alcohol can alter the hormonal levels, growth factors, and cytokines which can lead to fibroid growth.
Can fibroids be prevented?
No, fibroids cannot be prevented. But, certain lifestyle modifications like regular exercise and following a healthy diet can reduce the chances of developing them.
Although there is no proven way to prevent the occurrence of uterine fibroids, there are simple everyday habits and routines that can minimize the likelihood of having the disease.
- It is important to keep your body weight under control. Regular exercise keeps you healthy and manages your weight
- Reduce consumption of fatty foods like red meat and beef
- Increase the intake of green vegetables
- Keep a watch on uterine fibroid symptoms like increased menstrual bleeding, cramps, anemia, abdominal swelling, pressure on the bladder, etc.
- Get regular checkups like pelvic exams to monitor the symptoms
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